"Before 2.5 million years ago (our) diet was similar to that of predominantly vegetarian apes...Our  ancestors' chewing teeth were once
more thickly enameled than our own, implying a diet of tough foods of low quality."          -David Pilbeam, Harvard U., 
                                                                                                                                           Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution, P. 3.

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Alphabetical Index

ABC 

Acorus Calamus (L.), Calamus, Sweet Flag
Aconite, Aconitum napellus
A. columbianum, Aconitum delphiniifolium (larkspur); Aconitum fischeri; A. heterophyllum; A. maximum .   
Adiantum lululatum
Agave, (Agave spp.)
Agrimony, Agrimonia eupatoria
Alcohol from varous plant starters.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
African Potato, Hypoxis rooperi
Alder (Alnus spp.)
Almonds (Prunis dulcis L.)
Aloe (Aloe vera L)
Amaranth, (Amaranths retroflexus L., Amaranthus sp.).
Ammoniac Gum, Dorema ammoniacum
Anenome, Pasque flower (Pulsatilla occidentalis and other spp.)
Angelica (Angelica sinensis), (A. archangel L.)
ANISE (Pimpinella anisum L.)
Anise hyssop, Agastache foeniculum,
Anise, Star Anise,  (Illicium verum)
Annona, sour sop, guanaba, Annona muricata, Annona reticulata, Annona squamosa
Apple (Malus domestica L.)
Arnica (Arnica spp.)
Arrowroot, Maranta arundianacea
Arrowhead, wapato, Sagittaria latifolia
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)
Arugula, Roquette
Asa foetida, (Ferula foetida)
Asiatic Dayflower (Commelina communis L.)
Ash, Mountain Ash, Sorbus spp.
Ashwaganda, Withania sominifera
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)
Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus)
Avalanche Lily, Glacier lily, trout lily, Erythronium spp.
Avocado (Persea americana M.)

Bai Gao
Banana, banana flower, Musa spp.Baneberry, 
Red Baneberry, Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. 
Baptisia, False indigo, Indigoweed, Rattleweed (pods) (Baptisia tinctoria (L.))  
Barberry, Berberis canadensis P. Mill.

Barley grass extract 

Basil, Ocimum basilicum L.) or (O. sanctum).
Beach Pea, Lathyrus japonicus (L).Bean, edible bean not scarlet runner or painted lady:  Phaseolus sp.
Bean, runner, Phaseolus spp.
Belladonna, Atropa belladonna
Bellwort, Sessile Leaf Uvularia sessilifolia L.   
Bearberry, Kinnickinnick, (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.)  Spreng.)
Balm, Lemon Balm/Beebalm (Melissa officinalis L., Monarda didyma L. M. fistulosa L.)

Arrow Leafed Balsam Root (Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.)
Barley, Hordeum distichon
Barberry, Berberis canadensis
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) or (O. sanctum).
Bayberry (Myrica cerifera L.)
Bay Leaf, Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.)

Beach pea, Lathyrus japonicus
Bean pod, Phaseolus vulgaris
Bearberry, uva ursi, kinnikinnick, Arctostaphylos sp.
Beebalm, horsemint (Monarda fistulosa L.) and other spp.
Beech, American beech, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.
Bergamot, beebalm (Monarda didyma L.) (Monarda fistulosa L.)
Bilberry  (Vaccinium spp.)
Birch, Paper, black, yellow etc.  (Betula spp.)
Bitter Melon, Bitter Gourd, Balsam Pear (Momordica charantia)
Birthwort, Aristolochia clematitis
Bishop’s weed, Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague 
Bistort, Buckwheat (Polygonum spp.; Erigonum spp.; Fagopyrum spp.)
Bittersweet Nightshade, Climbing nightshade (Solanum dulcamara L.)
Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.)
Black Horehound, Ballota nigra
Blackberry, (Rubus spp.) 
Black Nightshade, Solanum nigrum
Blessed Thistle (Cnicus benedictus L.)
Blood root, red puccoon, Red Indian paint (Sanquinaria canadensis L.)
BLUEBERRY  (Vaccinium spp.)
Blue Cohosh, Caulophyllum thalictroides

Blue-eyed grass, Sisyrinchium bellum
Blue Eyed Mary, Collinsia violacea Nutt. 

Bog Bean, Bob Myrtle, Buck Bean (Menyanthes trifoliata L.)
Boneset, Thoroughwort (Eupatorium perfoliatum (L.))
Borage (Borago officinalis L.)
Boswelia
Brackenfern, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. 
Broccoli
Buckeye, Aesculus glabra  
Buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentium
Buffalo Gourd, Cucurbita foetidissima   
Bugleweed, Virginia waterhorehound, Lycopus virgincus
Bulrush, Hardstem (Scirpus acutus Muhl. ex Bigelow)
Bunchberry, Cornus spp.
Burdock, Gobo burdock (Arctium lappa L.)
Burning bush, Gas plant (Dictamnus albus)
Butcher's Broom (Ruscus aculeatus)
Butternut, Juglans cinerea
Butter and Eggs, Linaria vulgaris

Cabbage, Brassica oleracea

Cacao, chocolate, Theobroma cacao
Cajuput, Melaleuca leucadendra
Calamus, (Acorus calamus (L.))
Calendula, (Calendula officinalis (L.))
California Poppy, Eschscholtizia californica

California sea rocket, Cakile maritima
Camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora
Caraway, (Carum carvi (L.))
Cardinal Flowers, Lobelia cardinalis
Carnation, cornflower,
Carob, Ceratonia siliqua
Carrot, Queen Anne's lace (Daucas carota (L.))
Cascara Sagrada, Frangula callifornica (Eschsch.) Gray and F. purshiana (DC) Cooper
Cashew, Anacardium occidentale

Catalina Cherry tree, Prunus lyonii
Catechu, Acacia catechu
Cat's Claw (Una de gato) (Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.))
Catnip, (Nepeta cataria (L.))
Cattails, (Typha spp. (L.))
Cayenne, (Capsicum spp.)
Cedar, (Thuja spp.)
Greater Celandine, (Chelidonium majus (L.))
Celandine Poppy, Wood Poppy, Stylophorum diphyllum
Celery, (Apium graveolens (L.))
Chaste tree, chaste berry, Vitex, (Vitex agnus cactus)
Chaulmoogra, Hydnocarpus sp.
Chamomile, (Chamomilla recutita (L.), C. nobile (L.))
Chapparal, Larrea tridentata
Cherry: Prunus serotina Ehrh.; Chokecherry: Prunus virginiana L.
Cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus  
Chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.)
Chickweed, (Stellaria media (L.))
Chicory, Cichorium intybus
Chinkapin Oak, Quercus muehlenberghii
Chicle, Manikara zapota syn. Achras zapota
Chives, Allium schoenoprasum L.
Cilantro, (Coriandrum sativum (L.))
Cinnamon, (Cinnamomum zeylanicum (L.) also Chinese Cinnamon)
Cinquefoil, Potentilla erecta
Cirsium eriophorum
Cleavers, (Galium aparine (L.))
Clove, (Syzygium aromaticum (L.))
Clove pink, dianthus
Clover, (Trifolium pratense (L.))
Club Mosses, Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Trevisan; H. selago (L.)

Coast Live Oak, Quercus agrifolia

Coastal Sage, Artemisia californica
Coca, cocaine, Erythroxylon coca Lam
Cocoa, chocolate, Theobroma cacao
Coconut, coconut palm,cocos, Cocos nucifera
Coffee, (Coffea arabica (L.)) 
Cola, Cola nitida
Coltsfoot,Tussilago farfara
Columbine, (Aquiliegia formosa Fisch. ex DC; A. canadensis L. )
Comfrey, ( Symphytum officinale (L.))
Copal, (Burcera jurullensis)
Coriander, (Coriandrum sativum (L.))
Corn, Maize (Zea mays L.)
Corn flower, cornflower, bachelor button Centaurea sp.
Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, G. herbaceum

Coyote Bush, Baccharis pilularis
Cranberry, (Vaccinium spp.))
Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schltr
Cuachalalate
Cucumber, (Cucumis sativus (L.))
Curare,  Chondrodendron tomentosum 
Currant, black currant, American Black Currant, Ribes nigrum, Ribes americanum
Curry (mix)
Bald Cypress, Taxodium distichum

DEF

Damiana, Turnera diffusa
Digitalis purpurea L., Foxglove
Dame's Rocket, Hesperis matronalis
Dandelion, Taraxacum officinale L.
Dates, Date Palm, Phoenix dactylifera
Datura, Jimsonweed, Datura stramonium (L.) D. meloides
Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva L.)
Deadnettle, White nettle, Lamium album
Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus)
Devil's Claw, Harpagophytum procumbens
Dill (Anethum graveolens L.)
Clove Pink, Dianthus sp.
Dock, yellow (Rumex crispus L.)
Dogwood (Cornus florida L., Cornus officinalis) 
Dryad's Saddle, Polypore mushroom
Duckweed (Lemna minor L.)
Dutchman's Breeches, Dicentra cucullaria (L.), Squirrel Corn, D. canadensis

GHI

Gan Cao, Bai Gao
Garcinia multiflora.
Garden sorrel, Rumex species
Garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Garlic Mustard, Jack in the hedge, sauce alone, sallets (Alliaria officinalis, petiolata)
Gentian,  Gentiana kochiana
Geranium, Cranesbill, Alumroot (Geranium maculatum; G. dissectum (cut leaf)
Geranium, Herb Robert (Geranium robertianum)
Geranium, Wild Geranium, Spotted Geranium, Geranium maculatum L.
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)
Ginger (Zingiber officinalis L.)
Ginseng (red she) (Panax species)
Goa Powder, Andira araroba
Goatsbeard, wild salsify
Goldenrod, Solidago sp.
Golden Seal (Hydrastis canadensis)
Gooseberry, (Ribes spp.)
Gota Kola, Centella Asiatica, or Hydrocotyle asiatica
Grapefruit, Citrus paradisi
Grapes, Wine (Vitis spp.)
Ground nut, Apios americana
Guar Gum (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (L.) Taub.)
Guaiac, Guaiacum officinale
Guarana, Paullinia cupana; P. yoco
Gum arabic, Acacia senegel
Gumweed, Grindelia camporum
Gurmar, Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Sm.

Harungana madagascariensis.
Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha (L.)) Includes  C. virisdis and C. crusgalli
Hazlenut, Corylus americana
Hepatica, American Liverwort, (Hepatica sp.)
Heroin, Opium, Papaver somniferum L.
HIBISCUS, HOLLYHOCKS, ROSE OF SHARON (Alcea rosea)
Hogweed, Heracleum sphondylium
Hollyhock, Althaea rosea
Honeysuckle, Japanese Honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica, L. dioica, L. canadensis
Hops (Humulus lupulus L.)
Hoptree, Ptelea trifoliata L
Horehound, (Marrubium vulgare (Tourn.) L.)
Horse Chestnut, Buckeye, (Aesculus hippocastanum L.)
Horsemint, Monarda punctata
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
Hyssop, Hyssopus officinalis

Indigo, False indigo, see Baptisia tinctoria
Indian cucumber
Indian Squill, Urginea indica
Ipecac, Cephaelis ipecacuanha

JKL

Jack in the pulpit, Arisaema sp.
Jamestown weed, (Datura spp. ) 
Jasmine, Jasminum officinale
Java tea, Orthosiphon spicatus
Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)
Jewelweed, spotted touch me nots (Impatiens capensis Meerb.)
Joe Pye Weed, Gravel Root (Eupatorium maculatum L., E. purpureum L.)
Johnny jump ups, Viola tricolor
Jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis
Juneberry, serviceberry, (Amelanchier spp.)
Juniper (Juniperus communis L.)

Kale, Brassica oleracea
Kava; Kava kava, ava ava; kawa (Piper methysticum Frost)
Kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana (Mertens) Postels & Ruprecht.  Also, wakame, laver
Khat, Catha edulis
Kinnikinnick, Bearberry, Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng, 
Kudzu (Pueraria lobata)

Lady's Mantle, Alchemilla vulgaris
Lady Slipper Orchid (Cypripedium parviflorum L.) (yellow)
Lamb's Quarters (Chenopodium album)
Larch, Larix decidua; Tamarack, Larix americana; Larix occidentalis
Lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.)
Leeks, wild ramps (Allium tricoccum)
Lemon (Citrus limon (L.))
Lemon Verbena, (Aloysia triphylla)
Lemon gems
Lemon balm, Balm Melissa (Melissa officinalis (L.))
Lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and G. uralensis
Lilac, Syringa sp.
Avalanche lily, yellow avalanche lily, dogtooth violet (Erythronium grandiflorum )
Lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis (L.))
Liriosma ovata
Louseworts, Pedicularis spp.
Lobelia, asthma weed, puke weed (L. inflata an Lobelia cardinalis)
Lovage (Levisticum officinale (L.))
Lupine, Lupinus lepidus var. lobbii, and  Subalpine Lupine; Lupinus latifolius var. subalpinus Lindl. ex. JG Agardh 

MNO

Mahonia, Oregon Grape (Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt)
Mahuang (Ephedra sinica).
Maitake mushroom, Grifola frondosa
Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus rosea
Madrone, (Arbutus menziesii Pursh.) 
Maple,  sugar maple, Acer rubrum, A. saccharum, A. spp.
Mamajuana,  Aphrodisiac
Marijauna, Hemp, Ganja, etc. Cannabis sativa
Marsh Marigold, American Cowslip, (Caltha sp.)
Marshmallow, Marshmallow root, Mallow, Cheeses, Althaea officinalis (L.)
Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.)
Mate, Ilex paraguariensis
Mayapple, American mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum (L.)
Meadowsweet and Queen of the Prairie, Filipendula ulmaria L.; Filipendula rubra
Mescal, Agave sp.
Mesquite, Screwbean, (Prosopis spp.)
Mesquite, Honey Mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa
Mexican hat, Ratibida columnaris
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L. syn. Carduus marianus)
Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) 
Miterwort,  Mitrewort, Mitella diphylla L. 
Mint,Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)
Mistletoe, Injerto, Phoradendron tomentosum
European mistletoe (Viscum album)
Monkshood, Aconitum napellus
Moonseed, Menispermum canadense 
Morel mushroom, Morchella sp.
Mountain Laurel, Kalmia latifolia
Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum and P. incanum)
Morning glory, Ipomoea sp.,
Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.)
Muira puama, Ptychopetalum olacoides   
Mulberry (Morus rubra; Morus nigra; Morus alba)
Mullein (Verbascum thapsis L.)
Mustard. Brassica sp.
Morel mushroom (Morchella esculenta)
White Mustard, Sinapis alba, Black mustard, Brown mustard, Brassica spp.
Myrrh, Commiphora molmol
Myrtle, Myrtus communis
Nasturtiums, Nasturtium officinale
Neem, Antelaea azadirachta
Nettle, stinging, Urtica dioica (L.)
Nux Vomica, Strychnos nux vomica

Oak acorn, Quercus virginiana and other oak species
Oats, Avena sativa
Olives, olive oil (Olea europaea (L.)
Onion,
Opium, heroin Papaver somniferum L.
Orchid (see: lady slipper)
White Bog Orchid, White Rein Orchid, Plantanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. Ex beck var.
Orange, Citrus sp.
Oregano, Origanum vulgare L.
Oregon grape, Mahonia nervosa and Berberis aquifolium (Syn.: Mahonia aquifolium)
Osage Orange, Hedge apples, Osage apples, Maclura pomifera

PQR

Paint Brush, Indian Paintbrush, Castilleja parviflora  Bong. 
Pansies
Papaya, Carica papaya L.
Parsley, (Petroselinum crispum L.)
Partridge berry, Mitchella repens
Pasque flower, Pulsatilla spp.
Paw Paw, Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal.
Passionflower, (Passiflora incarnata L.)
Pecan, Carya illinoinensis 
Pennyroyal, Mentha pulegium L., American:  Hedeoma pulegioides L.
Black Pepper, Piper nigrum L.
Peppermint, Mentha piperita L.
Perilla, Perilla fructescens
Persimmon, Diospyros virginiana L.
Peyote, Lophophora williamsii (Lemaire) Coult.: Mescaline
Runner beans, scarlet runner bean, Painted lady runner bean, (Phaeseolus spp.)
Pickeralweed, Pontedaria sp.
Pine, Pinus sp.
Pineapple, Ananas comsus
Pineapple sage
Pinyon pine, Pinus monophylla, P. quadrifolia
Pitcher Plant Sarracenia purpurea L.
Pea
Peach
Pine bark, pycnogenol, Pinus maritima
Plantain, Plantago ovata, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima
Plum, Prunus sp.
Pokeweed, poke salad, Phytolacca americana L.
Polypodium leucotomos
Poison Ivy, Toxicodendron radicans (L.)
Poison Oak, Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill. 
Poplar, Populus species
Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa P.&C. Lawson)
Poria,  Wolfiporia cocos syn.Poria cocos 
Potentilla, Potentilla anserina
Prickly Pear, Opuntia, Opuntia spp.
Primrose Willow, Ludwigia octovalvis (Raven)  Ludwigia prostrata Roxb., Ludwigia epilobioides Maxim. 
Prunus africanum 
Psacalium decompositum
Ptychopetalum uncinatum
Puffball, Lycoperdon species
Pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo

Purslane, Portulaca sp.
Primrose, Evening, Oenothera spp.
Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Warb.
Pygeum, Pygeum africanum Hook

Quebracho, Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco

Quinine, Chincona pubescens

Quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa)

Radish, Raphanus sativas

Ragweed, (Ambrosia sp.)

Ragwort, Senecio jacoboea

Raspberry, Rubus occidentalis L.

Rattlesnake Master, Eryngium yuccifolium

Rauwolfia, Rauwolfia serpentina

Redbud tree, Eastern Redbud, Cercis canadensis L.

Reed grass, Phragmites communis

Rose, wild rose, wrinkled rose, Rosa species, Rosa rugosa Thumb.

Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Rue, Garden rue, Ruta graveolens L.

Rue Anenome, Anemonella thalictroides also Thalictrim thalictroides

STU

Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius

Saffron, Crocus sativa L.

Sage, Salvia officinalis L.

St. Catherine's Lace, Erigonum giganteum

Saint John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum L.

Salal, Gualtheria shallon

Salmonberry, Rubus spectabilis

Sand cress, Arabis lyrata

Sarsaparilla, Smilax species

Sassafras, Sassafras albidum (Nutt.)Nees

Saw Palmetto, Serenoa repens (Bartr) Small.

Scarlet Pimpernel, Anagallis arvensis

Schisandra, Wuweizi, Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.

Scopolia, Scopolia carniolica

Sea Asparagus, Glasswort, Saltwort  Salicornia virginica and Salicornia. maritima

Sea fig, Carpobrotus chilensis

Seaweed, Kelp, Nori, Porphyra, Laminaria digitata Lamour, Nereocystis leutkeana , Macrocystis 

Sedge, Plantainleaf sedge, Carex plantaginea Lam. 

Scented Geranium, (Pelargonium spp.)

Scotch Pine, Pinis sylvestris

Sheep sorrel, Rumex acetosella L. 

Shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris

Shiitake mushrooms, Lentinus edodes)

Shooting Star, Dodecatheon sp.

Shunkiku, Garland Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum coronarium

Siberian Ginseng, Eleutherococcus senticossus

Skullcap, Scutellaria baicalensis, and other Scutellaria sp.

Slippery Elm, Red Elm, Ulmus rubra

Skunk Cabbage, Western Skunk cabbage (Yellow Arum) Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Nutt.; Lysichitum americanum (L.)

Solomon seal, False Solomon Seal, Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) (Ell.) False Solomon Seal Smilacina racemosa (L.)

Sophora

Sorrel, French sorrel; Garden Sorrel, Rumex acetosa L., Rumex species, French sorrel is R. scutatus. Wood sorrel.

Soy beans, Tofu (soy bean products), Glycine max

Spatterdock, Yellow Pond lily, Nuphar variegatum

Spiderwort, Tradescantia virginiana

Spiraea, Spiraea douglasii

Spice bush, Lindera benzoin

Spring beauty, Claytonia sp. 

Spruce, Picea species, Abies species

Smartweeds, Knotweeds (Polygonum spp.)

Spearmint, (Mentha spicata L.)

Spicebush, (Lindera benzoin L.)

Spiderwort, Widow's Tears, Spider plant, Tradescantia virginiana L.

Spring beauty, Indian potato, mountain potato, Claytonia caroliniana, C. lanceolata and C. tuberosa

Spring cress, 

Squill, Urginea maritima

Squirrel Corn, D. canadensis

Star Anise, Illicium verum

Stocks

Strawberry, (Fragaria virginiana Duchesne), (Fragaria vesca L.)

Smooth Sumac, Staghorn Sumac, Poison Oak; Poison Sumac, Rhus glabra L., Rhus typhina L., Rhus toxicodendronL., Rhus vernix L.

Squawroot, Broomrape Conopholis americana,  C. alpina var, mexicana (Grayex S. Wats.) Haynes)

Suan Zao ren

Sunflower, Helianthus annus L.

Swamp dock, Rumex sp.

Sweet Cicely, wild anise, Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) Clarke)

Sweet Flag, sweetflag, Acorus calamus
Sweet grass, Holy grass, vanilla grass, Hierochloe odorata (L.)

Sweet Woodruff

Sweet Clover, Yellow sweet clover, Melilotus officinalis

Sweet Woodruff, Galium odoratum

Tansy, Tanacetum vulgare

Tarragon, (Artemisia dracunculus L.)

Tea Tree Oil, Melaleuca alternifolia (Cheel)

Tea, green tea, (Camellia sinensis L.)

Thimble berry, thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus)

Thistle, Bull, Cirsium vulgare; Blessed Thistle, Cnicus benedictus L.

Elk Thistle, Cirsium scariosum Nutt. 

Thyme, Thymus vulgaris L.

Tobacco, Nicotiana tobacum L.

Tolu balsam, Myroxylon balsamum

Tomatilla, ground cherry

Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Miller)

Toothwort, Dentaria sp.

Tree Marigold, Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.);Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill) (Mexican Sunflower) T. fruticosa Canby & rose, T. scaberrima Benth., Tithonia longeradiata (Bertol) Brake.  

Trillium, wake robin, Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.)) giant white trillium; (Trillium erectum L) wake robin

Trout lily, Erythronium sp.

Tulips

Tuberous begonia

Tulip Tree, Liriodendron tulipifera

Turmeric, Curcuma longa L. synL C. domestica Val.

Turtlehead, Chelone glabra L. and Deer tongue  Chelone sp.

Clasping leaf (clasp leaf) twisted stalk, also: Owl Berries, Witch Berries, Frog Berries Streptopus amplexifolius  

VWX 

Vanilla leaf, deer foot, Achlys sp. 

Valerian, Valeriana officinalis L.

Velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti

Venus Fly trap, Dionaea muscipula

Vervain, Verbena officinalis; V. hastata

Violets, heartsease, woodland violet, pansy, Viola tricolor L. and Viola papilionacea L., Viola pubescens Aiton

Vitex, chaste tree, Vitex agnus-cactus (L.)

Walnut, Juglans nigra L..

Watercress, Nasturtium officinale L.

Wax Tree, Rhus succedanea and Garcinia multiflora.

Western sycamore, Plantanus sp.

White bog orchid, Plantanthera dilatata

White Sage, Salvia apiana

Wild ginger, Asarum canadense

Wild Yam, Dioscorea villosa; D. composita Hemsi.

Wild rice, Zinzania sp.

Willow, white willow, black willow, swamp willow, Salix alba L., Salix nigra Marsh

Winged Sumac, Smooth Sumac, Rhus copallina

Wintergreen, teaberry, checkerberry, Canada tea, Gaultheria procumbens L.

Spotted wintergreen, Striped Wintergreen, Chimaphila maculata

Witch hazel, Hamamelis virginiana L.

Wormwood, Artemisia absinthium L.

Wu Mai

YZ

Yaupon, yaupon holly, Ilex vomitoria

Yarrow, Achillea millefolium L.

Yellow Sweet Clover and White Sweet Clover, Melilotis officinalis

American Yew and English Yew (Taxus brevifolia Nutt and Taxus baccata L.)

Yohimbine (patent)        Yohimbe bark, Pausinystalia yohimbe

Yucca, Adam's Needle, Spanish bayonet, Joshua tree, Yucca batata, Yucca filamentosa, L., Y. spp. 

Yellow dock see Dock.